Definition of court – What is, Meaning and Concept

From Latin court, the court It is the place destined to the judges for the administration of Justice and the dictation of sentences. The term also allows to name the set of judges and ministers who exercise justice. For example: “The accused will testify in court tomorrow”, “Scandal in court: the relatives of the victim insult and beat the judge”, “I am going to appear in court to clear up all this misunderstanding”.

The notion of court can be associated with terms such as cut or court. Is about public bodies that resolve disputes effectively res judicata under their jurisdiction.

There are various types of courts. In the one-person courts decisions are issued only by a judge, while collegiate courts they base their decisions on a plurality of judges.

Another classification of courts distinguishes between ordinary courts (that respond to matters under their jurisdiction, whatever their actors or nature), the arbitration tribunals (its judges are not public officials) and the special courts (which are established by the Constitution for the resolution of certain matters or the trial of certain people).

In addition to all of them, we would have to highlight this other set of courts that are also very important at the national and international level:
• Court of Accounts. As its name indicates, it is the one in charge of controlling what would be the accounting of a certain nation. It does this by carrying out the investigation and examination of the accounts of each and every one of the departments and institutions of the specific State.
• Constitutional Court. In the case of Spain, we can establish that it is the most important of all those that exist, taking into account that it is in charge of ensuring absolute compliance with the primary legal rule: the Constitution. It is made up of a total of twelve members, ten elected by the political power and two by the General Council of the Judiciary, and is based on values ​​such as freedom, equality and political pluralism.
• Court of Honor. There are several sectors that have an organization like this, a clear example being the military field. Its function is to judge what are the attitudes and behaviors of the members of the aforementioned field that do not constitute a crime but that are considered a clear sign of disgrace.
• European Court of Human Rights. It is in the French city of Strasbourg that he is located, which is in charge of ensuring the guarantees of fundamental freedoms and human rights of all people in the old continent. It was founded in 1953 but was renovated in the late 1990s.

According to the scope of competence that establishes the legislation, one can speak of courts of common jurisdiction Y courts of special jurisdiction. According to hierarchy, on the other hand, it is possible to differentiate between lower courts (located in the lowest scale of the judicial pyramid) and the superior courts (or magistrates).

The investigating courts are those who intervene in the preparatory proceedings for the trial, while the sentencing court He is in charge of passing the sentence.